I want to entertain an age-old argument on many forums that I frequent. The dispute of whether fansubs hold an integral part in the fabric of the anime community here in the US (and other countries) has been tossed about more than my game controller after a few levels of Mirror's Edge (lol that wraps up my humorous moment for this post). I often like to stand back and look at the structure that holds up this community and its multi-faceted nature.
When we look back at the origins of anime in the US we find a time when the offerings available through legit means were lackluster and sparse in number. In that stagnant market, the fans struggled to satisfy their desire for more anime. And though they were probably willing to pay, the offerings were not worth the price for the most part. This is when someone came up with the brilliant idea to provide an avenue which was faster and likely of higher quality than the official offerings. It is seemingly common sense that such deal would take off and soar to a frightening scale. There was one drawback to this idea, however – the fansubbed product occupied a borderline area in the notion of intellectual media of the time. Most people justified the practice by means of, “Nobody is asking money for these, so it’s not really illegal.” But, this idea is flawed, because any use of copyrighted material that involves copying and distribution is absolutely illegal. However, since the Japanese companies didn’t seem to mind at the time, the status quo was established that fansubs were a cheap alternative to the “corporate” anime production, and they aided the community by providing a much faster transition between Japanese TV and the American audience. Another thing that fansubs began to do was to greatly influence the official offerings in a way that, for a short while at least, if a series was fansubbed then it was almost guaranteed a license by an American company. One could call this a beneficial relationship between fansubs and the official releases, but you have to take into account that for every person that buys a hard copy of an anime, there are a hundred more that download it and will never consider paying for it.
This relationship continued to change and evolve over time – from the first mail distributed, and rather sketchy VHS fansubs, to the hugely efficient internet distribution which has become the paramount of today’s anime fan – and the Japanese owners continued not to pursue these infringements. Now we see a sudden shift in the views of these owners as they have opened their eyes to the worldwide distribution of their products without their consent. Certainly this is grounds for a lawsuit or two, but the irony is that the infrastructure of the anime community is so closely tied to fansubs these days that crushing them might actually hurt them more than the monetary loss they suffer from the potential customers that escape paying compensation by downloading an illegal copy. This is because the market today is full of shades of gray. You really don’t see many people who are anal-retentively strict about only distributing through means of DVD versus virtual media; however, those that do occupy the extremes are often the ones that get the most attention – who doesn’t like to watch the angry, boisterous monkeys clamber about their cage and fling poop at the unsuspecting passer-by? The gray area, which I personally feel is the most effective method in fandom, is one which ties both free fansubs and purchased media together in a sort of give and take relationship. That is to say, I like to look at fansubs as simply a sample of the work which I will then buy if I feel like watching it past the first two episodes, not as a replacement for the media which properly compensates the original creator. There are variations of this model; for instance: some people, once they decide a series is not worth purchasing, continue to download to see if there is a change later on in the series, others see fansubs as a higher quality backup of the solid media, and others rely entirely on legal download-to-own providers. So the idea that fansubs are detrimental to the market is both true and false.
What needs to be done? At this point the anime community is merged so completely with the fansub market (though I don’t think it qualifies as a market in the traditional sense) that getting rid of it completely would, in fact, take away a large portion of purchases from people who base their spending on the series that they try out through fansubs. Therefore, I would suggest something that, for reasons unknown to me, has not really been pursued with any gusto by the anime producers in the US market up until recently – a legal fansub, though these would not be fan-made – perhaps we should go with “corposub” or something like that. The American production companies need to do what the fansub groups are doing and do it faster, do it more efficiently. Recently there has been an effort by the larger producers to bring the anime to the world market immediately through legal streaming. However, I want to call foul play on these companies for not making efforts to do this with more than one popular series. I understand that getting the rights to the series is a somewhat lengthy and equally risky process – these American production companies are often just barely making a profit from the anime market while making a huge gamble by purchasing the rights to a series that may not even become popular stateside. Several companies, such as Geneon, have recently picked up and left the US market simply because the profits here are miniscule in comparison to that of Japan. I don’t want to suggest that fansubs are the direct cause of this, but I also don’t want to suggest that they have nothing to do with this situation. FUNimation thankfully stepped up and saved many of the series that Geneon was simply burying alive, not to mention the titles ADV lost because of a soured relationship with the Japanese rights holder, and consequently became the largest producer in the anime market in America. This position has put them on a pedestal and I expect them to really pull out innovations, some of which they have already begun such as legal streaming on YouTube and subtitle-only DVD releases in a more timely manner, and these innovations that they need to make are the solution to what will become an increasingly ugly battle between corporate powers and fansub communities.
So, in conclusion, my thoughts on fansubs are mixed – they have been helpful to the anime market in providing an easily accessible source for trying out new series and have even influenced the official releases; however, fansubs are undeniably an illegal method of distribution which needs to be revised into a copyright-friendly model. This future may not be far off but it will probably be a rough transition as many people have the concept, “Anime is art and art should be free,” or simply “I don’t want to pay for anime because it has always been free.” I’m sorry to say that these are not the only broken arguments for fansubs that I have seen – many more have been ridiculously naïve and, if applied to other aspects of life, would lead to the destabilization of society. Anime is an industry and as such there is a monetary flow – this is the compensation for all the people that toiled over the aspects that go into the animation of a series, which is not at all easy. When a person spends his/her time creating the wonderful art that is anime I feel that he/she deserves this compensation – this is how these people are trying to make a living. Though there are people like myself who are perfectly willing to give the creators their dues, there are also far too many people doing all the taking and giving nothing in return, and this needs to be rectified.
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